What Do Cats Eat?
Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning their diet must consist primarily of meat. They require specific nutrients found only in animal tissues, such as taurine, arachidonic acid and vitamin A. In the wild, cats hunt small mammals, birds and insects, while domestic cats rely on commercially prepared meat-based foods or raw diets formulated to meet their nutritional needs.
Introducing the Cat
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is a small carnivorous mammal with origins tracing back to wildcats in the Near East. Cats have adapted to various environments worldwide, often living closely with humans. Known for their agility, sharp senses and hunting instincts, cats are natural predators with a diet shaped by evolutionary demands.
Diet in the Wild
Wildcats and feral domestic cats primarily hunt small prey such as rodents, birds, reptiles and insects. Their diet consists almost entirely of animal protein and fat, with very little carbohydrate intake. Cats consume not only muscle meat but also organs, bones and sometimes fur or feathers, obtaining essential nutrients from a complete animal prey.
This natural diet provides vital amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins that cats cannot synthesise themselves. For example, taurine is crucial for heart and eye health and is found exclusively in animal tissue.
Domestic Cat Diet
Pet cats are usually fed commercial cat foods, which come as dry kibble, wet canned food or raw diets. These are formulated to meet cats’ unique nutritional requirements, balancing protein, fat and essential micronutrients. Feeding a diet high in meat and low in carbohydrates supports optimal health.
Some owners choose to feed raw or homemade diets carefully prepared to ensure completeness and safety. It is important to avoid feeding dogs’ food, human food with toxic ingredients like onions or chocolate, or excessive treats that can unbalance nutrition.
Feeding Behaviour and Preferences
Cats are crepuscular hunters, most active at dawn and dusk. They prefer small, frequent meals and have sensitive taste buds that favour umami and meat flavours. Cats often reject sugary or highly processed foods as they lack taste receptors for sweetness.
Cats also require fresh water daily, and many prefer running water or water fountains. Proper hydration supports kidney health and urinary function.
Health Considerations
Feeding an appropriate diet is critical to prevent common health issues such as obesity, diabetes and urinary tract problems. Cats need adequate protein for muscle maintenance and fat for energy. Taurine deficiency can cause blindness and heart disease, making balanced nutrition vital.
Dental health is supported by wet food and dental treats but regular veterinary care is essential.
Interesting Cat Facts
Cats have a unique metabolism adapted to a carnivorous diet. Their liver enzymes differ from omnivores, making them poor at processing carbohydrates. Cats can also survive on smaller meals due to efficient protein utilisation.
Despite domestication, hunting instincts persist, and many cats catch prey even when well fed.
Cultural and Historical Importance
Cats have been companions to humans for thousands of years, revered in ancient Egypt and beloved worldwide as pets. Their dietary needs reflect their wild ancestry, underscoring the importance of respecting their natural biology.
Common Questions About Cat Diet
Many owners ask if cats can eat vegetarian or vegan diets; the answer is no, as cats need animal-based nutrients. Another common question concerns feeding raw diets, which can be beneficial if properly balanced but carry risks if done incorrectly. Cats should never be fed dog food or human food containing toxic ingredients.
Conclusion
Cats are obligate carnivores requiring diets rich in animal protein and fat to thrive. Whether wild or domestic, their nutritional needs reflect a life evolved around hunting and consuming prey. Providing a balanced, meat-based diet supports their health, behaviour and longevity, helping keep these enigmatic and cherished companions happy and well.