What Do Hens Eat?
Hens are omnivorous birds that eat a varied diet including grains, seeds, insects, worms, fruits, vegetables, and kitchen scraps. A balanced diet provides the nutrients they need for egg production, growth, and overall health.
Introducing the Hen
Hens are female domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), kept worldwide for eggs and meat. Originating from wild junglefowl in Southeast Asia, hens have adapted to diverse diets and environments. Their feeding behaviour is influenced by instinctive foraging and pecking habits.
Hens are versatile eaters and will consume a wide range of foods to meet their nutritional requirements.
Core Components of Hen Diets
Grains such as corn, wheat, barley, and oats form the basis of commercial poultry feeds, supplying energy and carbohydrates.
Protein sources include insects, worms, and small invertebrates found during free-ranging, essential for muscle development and egg production.
Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins and minerals, aiding health and digestion. Leafy greens, carrots, pumpkins, and berries are popular choices.
Kitchen scraps like cooked rice, bread, and pasta are also eaten, though moderation is key to avoid imbalances.
Commercial layer feeds are formulated to include calcium, vitamins, and minerals necessary for strong eggshells and healthy hens.
Feeding Behaviour and Patterns
Hens are active foragers, scratching and pecking the ground to uncover insects and seeds. They typically eat several small meals throughout the day.
Free-range hens have more varied diets compared to confined birds, which rely on provided feed.
Wild vs Domestic Diets
Wild junglefowl feed on seeds, insects, fruits, and small animals. Domestic hens’ diets are supplemented and controlled to optimise productivity.
Balancing natural foraging with formulated feed ensures hens get complete nutrition.
Interesting Facts About Hen Diets
Calcium is vital for eggshell formation, so hens require supplements like crushed oyster shells or limestone.
Hens can develop preferences and may refuse unfamiliar foods.
Overfeeding treats or scraps high in fat and salt can lead to obesity and health issues.
Ecological and Agricultural Importance
Hens contribute to pest control by eating insects and help recycle food waste in farm environments.
Their diet directly impacts egg quality and farm productivity.
Common Questions About Hen Diets
Can hens eat chocolate? No, chocolate is toxic to hens.
Do hens need grit? Yes, grit helps grind food in their gizzards for digestion.
How often should hens be fed? Typically, hens have continuous access to feed, but feeding twice daily is common practice.
Final Thoughts
A balanced, varied diet is essential for healthy hens and productive egg-laying. Understanding what hens eat supports proper care and efficient poultry management, benefiting both birds and farmers.