What Do Woodlice Eat?

Woodlice are detritivores that primarily feed on decaying organic matter such as rotting leaves, dead plant material and decomposing wood. They play a vital role in breaking down and recycling nutrients in soil ecosystems. Occasionally, woodlice may nibble on live plants or fungi, but their main diet consists of dead and decomposing matter.

Introducing the Woodlouse
Woodlice belong to the order Isopoda and are small terrestrial crustaceans commonly found in damp environments like leaf litter, under logs and stones, and in gardens. Despite their bug-like appearance, woodlice are more closely related to shrimp and crabs. They require moist conditions to survive because they breathe through gill-like structures.

Diet in the Wild
Woodlice feed mostly on decaying leaves, fallen branches and other dead plant material. By consuming this decomposing matter, they help speed up nutrient cycling and improve soil health. Their digestive systems are specially adapted to break down tough cellulose and lignin compounds found in plant cell walls.

They often consume fungi growing on decomposing material, contributing further to decomposition processes. Woodlice avoid fresh, healthy plants, although sometimes they may damage seedlings or tender shoots if food is scarce.

Feeding Behaviour and Role in Ecosystems
Woodlice scavenge actively at night or in moist conditions to avoid drying out. They use their mandibles to scrape and chew detritus into smaller particles suitable for digestion. Through their feeding, woodlice help release nutrients locked in dead organic matter, supporting plant growth and soil organisms.

Seasonal and Habitat Influences
Woodlice populations and feeding activity peak in warm, moist seasons. They are less active in dry or cold periods, seeking refuge in protected microhabitats. Gardens, forests and compost heaps provide ideal feeding grounds rich in decomposing organic matter.

Woodlice and Human Environments
While woodlice are beneficial decomposers, large numbers in damp basements or greenhouses may be unwelcome. They rarely damage healthy plants indoors but may feed on seedlings or soft roots.

Interesting Woodlouse Facts
Woodlice are unique among terrestrial crustaceans and can roll into a ball for protection, a behaviour called conglobation. They can survive long periods without food by slowing metabolism. Woodlice help control fungi and bacteria by feeding on their substrates.

Common Questions About Woodlouse Diet
People often ask if woodlice eat living plants; generally, they prefer decaying material but can nibble soft plants if hungry. Another question is whether woodlice damage homes; they do not eat wood structures but need damp environments. Woodlice do not bite or sting humans.

Conclusion
Woodlice are essential decomposers feeding primarily on decaying leaves, wood and fungi. Their diet supports nutrient recycling and soil health. Understanding their role helps appreciate these small but important creatures in gardens and natural ecosystems.